Showing posts with label Venezuela. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Venezuela. Show all posts

Thursday, August 18, 2011

The Venezuela gold news

Yes, your author has watched the newsflow on the Chávez "nationalize it" for the gold sector and yes, thanks to all for sending me over reports and suchlike, it's always greatly appreciated.

However somebody who's done the real strong legwork here is Setty, so go over to his new post right now because he reports on what Andre Agapov of Rusoro (RML.v) thinks of the whole deal. It starts like this:

Rusoro says no worries as Venezuela moves against gold miners

Venezuela’s only private-sector gold miner says it has nothing to worry about after President Hugo Chavez says he will nationalize the gold mining sector.
It’s “not a concern for us at all,” Andre Agapov, president and CEO of Rusoro Mining, said late yesterday in a phone interview. “This is all to do with illegal mining activities, nothing else.”

Now go read the rest, cos there's tons of information waiting for you. Great stuff Settydude, chapeau.

Monday, August 1, 2011

Move over Jane Fonda, Hugo haz teh workout video

Hugo Chávez may be about to go bald on us all (chemotherapy and all that), but he's not planning on slowing down. Via a headsup from Russ Dallen over at BBO Financial, here's the LAHT on the Chávez workout video, in the shops now, phone now, satisfaction guaranteed or we'll refund your money in full, no quibbles.


CARACAS – Venezuelan state television showed Saturday new pictures of President Hugo Chavez wearing sports togs and doing exercises together with some of his officials while commenting on government issues.

The video footage, edited and set to music, shows an enthusiastic Chavez directing the physical exercises of his ministers, who lift hands and legs along with the president as he talks about the need for healthy routines.

Oh my stars, how I love South America. Anyway the report continues here

Monday, June 20, 2011

Rusoro (RML.v) to close August 1st?

That what this report in Venezuelan press says this morning, anyway. Here's a direct translation of how it kicks off:

Rusoro Mining May Close in August
Monday, 20th June 2011, 00:00, María Alejandra Ceballo
Tumeremo: The present and future of families in the municipalities of Roscio, El Callao and Sifontes that depend on jobs connected to companies  associated with the Rusoro Mining consortium are in doubt.

According to José Manuel Rivas, on-site security supervisor for the Rusoro group, accompanied by security officer Miguel Pérez and contractor Pedro Romero, the mining operations of the consortium may close down operations on August 1st because since March the company has not received any authorization to sell gold overseas, violating the resolution Nº 10-07-01 emitted August 11th 2010. The men say that a functionary of the Venezuelan Central Bank (BCV) named Elí Sánchez told the company that while he was in office at the BCV no more overseas gold sales would be permitted.

Also, the company employees explained that the sale of gold to international markets is vital in order to acquire and renew the equipment used in the gold's extraction, as well as being the resources needed to invest in diverse social projects.

Continues here

Saturday, January 29, 2011

Venezuela: O RLY?

Thanks to reader 'UL' for the headsup. Why am I completely unsurprised about seeing US-sponsored ongoing bullshit about Venezuela exposed by facts? The report below mentions OPEC, but being DJNW has decided to leave out the main culprit of the propaganda campaign. The Energy Inormation Administration (EIA), sponsored by the US State Dept, has for close on ten years refused to include Venezuela's bitumen-like heavy crude as oil and skewed its figures for Venezuelan exports as a result, which in turn has allowed the North to come forth with its VenezuelaWeAllGonnaDie tosh and nonsense....that never happens. Anyway, here's the note:


 
7:22p ET January 27, 2011 (Dow Jones) Few Discrepancies In Venezuela Government Oil Export Data - Barclays

DOW JONES NEWSWIRES

CARACAS (Dow Jones)--Venezuela's actual oil exports, which have long been questioned by industry organizations, are likely to be close to the government's official data, Barclays Capital analysts said in a research note Thursday.
In a new study, the bank compared Venezuela's reported oil exports since 2005 with what other countries reported as imports from the South American nation and found only marginal discrepancies.
"We do not find a major deviation from the official export data published by Venezuelan institutions," the bank said, adding, "therefore, we maintain our view that Venezuela does not have a problem of cash constraints."
With the petroleum sector serving as the lifeblood of the Venezuelan economy, economists and bond investors pay close attention to oil prices as well as the country's production and export levels to gauge its ability to make debt payments.
The bank estimated Venezuela exported 2.4 million barrels a day in 2010, down from an estimated 2.5 million in the previous year. For 2010, Barclays estimated that about 2 million barrels a day were sold at market price while the remainder were sold "under preferential conditions."
That compares to the Venezuelan government figures, which put 2009 exports at nearly 2.7 million barrels per day and 2.44 million barrels per day during the first half of 2010. The country said it produced 3.1 million barrels per day in the first half of CONTINUES HERE

Monday, January 24, 2011

Walid Makled, Juanma Santos and a great AP report

Personally, I think that everything President Santos is doing....from the decision in the excellent AP report below to the new best friending of Chávez to the deferring of the military base agreement to the "Obama has forgotten us" statements of last weekend.... is all designed to get The USA onside about a Free Trade Agreement. I mean everything he's doing points to Colombia putting a different sort of subtle pressure on the US. Before with Uribe it was all "We're the bestest of very best friends (don't look at the human rights record) PLEEEASE can you sign the FTA?", but with Santos it's more like, "Look gringos, if you want a good friend in South America we'll play ball with you, but hey, I have different options here too. So, what about it, guys?".

I digress, this post was started to get you to read this top report by Fabiola Sanchez and Frank Bajak of AP. Here's how it starts and you surely have to click through to read the rest, because it just gets better:

Reputed Venezuelan drug kingpin's tell-all threats: A reprieve from US extradition?

VALENCIA, Venezuela - By the time the White House designated him an international drug kingpin in May 2009, Walid Makled had risen comet-like from petty smuggler to port mogul and airline owner through the good graces of Venezuelan power brokers.
So closely was the Syrian immigrant's son tied to what Washington has deemed a narcotics-trafficking cabal of military men loyal to leftist President Hugo Chavez that arrest last year in a Colombian border city had U.S and Colombian drug agents beaming.
He would be extradited to the United States to stand trial for shipping an estimated 10 tons a month of cocaine to North America and Europe, Colombia's national police director Oscar Naranjo announced. Except now, it appears, he won't be.
Colombia's President Juan Manuel Santos decided that Makled should instead go to Venezuela, where he faces drug trafficking and murder charges. Privately, U.S. and Colombian officials say the decision could mean forfeiting the opportunity to build criminal cases against some of Venezuela's most powerful figures.
CONTINUES HERE

Thursday, January 6, 2011

LatAm's highest murder rates

Via Tim's great blog, your humble scribe gets to read this report from El Salvador's Contrapunto that crunches the numbers and shows us which LatAm countries are the most dangerous murder-wise. Here's the chart generated from the stats.......
...and here's your author's transalation of the Contrapunto article:

San Salvador: Latin American nations Honduras and El Salvador have the most murderous in the world, according to calculations made by Contraputno and based on  murders rates, the best true measure of the magnitude of the phenomenon. The murder rate indicates how many murders occur for every 100,000 inhabitants.


As things stand, at the end of 2010 Honduras had a murder rate of approximately 72.8 for every 100,000 inhabitants, while El Salvador had a murder rate of 71.


Erroneous data that an international news agency diffuses tries to put Venezuela, Colombia and Mexico as the most violent countries in Latin America and the world, however their murder rates are lower than those of Honduras and El Salvador.
In fact, although in Venezuela there were 17,600 homicides (in 2010), its murder rate is 67.6 for every 100,000 inhabitants, as its populatioon is 26 million. In Colombia the mruder rate is 35.7 and in Mexico the murder rate is 14.5 for every 100,000 inhabitants.


By contrasting the figures with nations at war, such as Afghanistan and Iraq, it is notable that their murder rates are lower than the Latin American countries mentioned. In Afghanistan the approximate murder rate was 14 and in Iraq, 18.


The world average murder rate is 8 per 100,000 inhabitants. Rates higher than 10 are considered epidemics by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Wednesday, January 5, 2011

News roundup (we wash the intimate areas with a wire brush and bleach)

Chile's Peso (CLP) continues its weakening this morning after the whopping great big U$12Bn CenBank forex attack announced yesterday. Now at U$1 = CLP494, it might have a bit more to run too by looking at the five year chart (above). Chilean wine/grape/apple/etc exporters happy.

In other Chile news, country FinMin Larrain pitches 2010 growth at 5.1% and 2011 growth forecast at 6.1%.

A chunky political scandal breaks in Peru. How much does it cost in bribes to become a Vice-President of Peru? 700,000 soles (U$250,000) apparently, as that's the amount Carmen Acuña agreed to pay the campaign of frontrunning candidate Luis Castañeda for the post, according to the phone conversation secretly recorded then published yesterday in local media. A big big selection of Spanish language reports on the scandal and the fallout at Google here, an EngLang background to the case from Reuters here (btw, reuters calls the 500,000 soles donation but misses out on the 200,000 soles "campaign expenses" Carmen also said she'd pay). This one is likely to dent Castañeda's polling numbers, as the dude already has the smell of corruption around him from the Communicore case. Banana Republic is as Banana Republic does, no matter what sort of growth miracle BS you want to dress it up in.

The C.A.P. funeral soap opera is frankly embarrassing and a window into the small-mindedness of all concerned. It's getting so bizarre that Miami New Times, an anti-Chávez Dade rag, starts this piece on the saga thusly: "​We have taken our fair share of shots at Hugo Chavez over the years. But in the tug-of-war over the remains of former Venezuelan president Carlos Andres Perez, Chavez has somehow come across as a veritable voice of reason."

Friday, December 24, 2010

A media agenda for Venezuela? Surely Not!

Part of the daily routine at IKN Nerve Centre™ is to check on news stories doing the rounds in the region and to help that along, your humble scribe has a Google News widget that separates news stories by country. It's always Spanish language reports, but for some unknown reason this morning the whole Google feature had lapsed into English language (I have no idea why...first time ever).

Anyway, one shrugs one's shoulders and gets on with it. As usual I skimmed across the various country buttons such as Brazil...
Bogota – Brazil and the International Committee of the Red Cross agreed to provide logistical support for the planned release of five Colombian public ...
Fox News View related stories »
...which had the usual mix of bizstuff, a bit of Lula-talk, political bits and bobs etc. And so it continued with Peru....
BY KIMBER SOLANA • ksolana@thecalifornian.com • December 24, 2010 About a dozen Salinas High School students will welcome the New Year in Peru by working ...
The Salinas Californian
...and its general, newsworthy infromative mix, then to Colombia....
Bogota – Brazil and the International Committee of the Red Cross agreed to provide logistical support for the planned release of five Colombian public ...
Fox News View related stories »

...and the same kind of thing, even Paraguay...

By PEDRO SERVIN AP ASUNCION, Paraguay -- The Paraguayan government worked closely with the DEA earlier this year to expand its capacity to spy on cell phone ...
Washington Post

...and Bolivia got the same type of journalistic, no-nonsense information-first headlines that keep you up to date with things happening in the country.
(RTTNews) - Latest in a trend of growing Latin American political support for the Palestinian people, Bolivia recognized Palestine as a "free and ...
RTT News View related stories »

But then I clicked on the Venezuela button:
by Anna Mahjar-Barducci Due to the Venezuelan flood emergency that resulted in more than 130000 homeless nationwide, the Parliament gave President Hugo ...
Hudson New York View related stories »

Notice anything different about the coverage, folks? This was all a bit of an eye-opener to me, because I usually get the Google news service piping me Spanish language reports and features which never hold this amount of obvious media bias. For sure they'll cover the polemic issues out of Venezuela, but there's no obsession on Chávez, pseudo-human rights issues and general vitriol towards the country, because Venezuela has all its own business, political and social affairs worthy of report and comment. In Spanish language reports, headlines will tell you what to expect in the report, they don't immediately try to enforce an image that's been built up around a country. 

No wonder you guys get South American affairs so wrong.

Tuesday, December 21, 2010

How beer consumption in LatAm MUST BE reported by the English language media

BS Newswires Dec 21, Miami: Peru's National Industries Society (SNI) today reported that beer consumption in Peru has risen from 20 litres per person per year in 2000 to 39 litres pppy in 2010. Country analyst Anne Eejit remarked from New York that the upsurge in beer consumption "was a clear indicator of the vibrant and ongoing growth in the country being enjoyed by all social strata."


BS Newswires Dec 21, Miami: Beer consumption figures are out from Latin America today, with Venezuela topping the brew-guzzling charts as they knock back 100 litres, man woman and child, every year. When consulted on the latest figures, LatAm economy expert Anne Eejit remarked from New York that "the overconsumption of alcohol in Venezuela is a clear indicator of the country's decadence, sense of hopelessness and lapse into industrial inertia we've seen since the quasi-dictator Chávez seized power." 


IKN back: BS Newswires doesn't exist, but the stats do and are from this report in Peru.com today.
x

Tuesday, December 14, 2010

News roundup (we ring the bell then run like hell)


Peru gets to enjoy Wikileaks for about the first time, when the idiot US ambassador at the time makes mental noodlings about the narco-corruption inside Peru's army, notes how he thinks military chiefs are paid off by the narcos and gets them all huffy and puffy and indignant. Personally, I think ex-Ambassador to Peru McKinley (now hanging in Colombia) is right in the general suspicion stakes but has conjectured over the wrong details. Because he's a dumbass. Gotta love wikileaks as it shows just how blunt the sharp minds really are.

Wikileaks and Venezuela are two words that go together well, because due to media brain conditioning it's about the only country that you gringos care about down here. Anyway, Setty does the job of keeping us up to date with the drip-drip-drip. Unsurprisingly, Alvaro Uribe has so far come across as far more of a brutish and belligerent character than that guy Hugo with the beret.

There's an old saying in Buenos Aires Argentina. "If your car gets stolen, go look for it in Asuncion" (capital of Paraguay). According to Brazil's Canal F, that one holds true for Sao Paulo Brazil as well. Its report covers how cars stolen from the big metropoles get trucked to Paraguay via bribed police checkpoints and barges that cross the Itaipu lake. Then they're swapped for armaments, drugs or an average of U$2000 a piece if there's nothing laying around to play swapsies with.  

Bolivia uncovers another massive cocaine factory on its lands being run on a Colombian technology model in the eastern Santa Cruz region. You won't get to hear about this or any other of the efforts made by the brave and hard-working FELCN Bolivian drugs squad anywhere else (in English anyway) because your media wants you to believe something completely different about Bolivia.

Thursday, December 9, 2010

Venezuelan oil Wikileaks fun

Thank the higher powers for Setty. Not only does he know about the Venezuelan oil scene a squillion times more than the humble author currently scribing, but he's also gone and done the legwork on a new batch of Wikileaks just out that concern Big Oil and Venezuela and saved me the tedium. Go read it all here, with added insight from the brain of the Settyman.

Tuesday, December 7, 2010

Venezuela arrests Julian Assange

In a shocking display of Tyranny™, Hugo Chávez today arrested ChampionOfFreeSpeech™ Julian Assange on trumped-up charges that have little or nothing to do with the real reason for his detention.

We join the FreeWorld™ in condemning Chávez's actions and demand the speedy release of Assange.

Sunday, November 28, 2010

A fun Chávez wikileak

French Elysee Diplomatic Advisor Jean-David Levitte, on September 11th 2009:
"Levitte observed that Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez is "crazy" and said that even Brazil wasn't able to support him anymore. Unfortunately, Chavez is taking one of the richest countries in Latin America and turning it into another Zimbabwe."
Gotta wonder about these Frenchies, what with Brazil having come out with unmitigated support for Chávez time and again since that 'advisor' shot his mouth off to the US visiting delegation to Paris. Anyway, apart from that and the usual US paranoia about hezbollah in Paraguay, there doesn't seem to be much about LatAm in the leaked documents, so forget this corner of the world and worry more about Saudi Arabia wanting to bomb the frak outta Iran, methinks.

UPDATE: One more. Apparently The USA was worried about Argentina's President Cristina and the state of her mental health. Oh that's caring of them, isn't it?

UPDATE 2: Sketch adds another in the comments section. Thanks Sketch, here it is:
Have you seen the one from the US Embassy in Tegucigalpa?

""there is no doubt that the military, Supreme Court and National Congress conspired on June 28 in what constituted an illegal and unconstitutional coup against the Executive Branch,"

"There is equally no doubt from our perspective that Roberto Micheletti's assumption of power was illegitimate."

"Forced Removal by Military was Clearly Illegal"

"Congress Had no Authority to Remove Zelaya"

Thursday, November 18, 2010

Screw the Ottotrans™, the Vennietrans™ is where it's at

Setty's got himself a brand new machine, the Vennietrans™. It's a marvel of interwebnetpipes science that translates the "nothing is ever wrong" world of Chilean biz reporting to the "nothing is ever right" world of Venezuelan biz reporting. Here's what happened when Setty ran this headline found in La Tercera....
"Chilean economy grows 7% in third quarter, biggest expansion in 6 years: According to data from the bank, internal demand keeps growing, but at a slower rate than in earlier quarters"
...through his magic machine:
"Chilean quarterly growth falls to 2% as internal demand falters: Fishing keeps falling as drought forces more spending on natural gas, water"

Wednesday, November 10, 2010

After all, what are friends for?

I mean, if you sell Cuba 100,000 barrels of oil a day at something around a 40% discount to market prices you're going to be long odds on favourite to get drilling licences before Exxon and Chevron, are you not?

From El Universo today:
Venezuela's President Hugo Chávez said on Monday that Cuba has substantial oil reserves in its exclusive area in the Gulf of Mexico. He said that Venezuela will be drilling "soon" its first oil well on the island.

"We know that Cuba has a lot of oil and we will be drilling soon our first oil well," the Venezuelan president told his Cuban counterpart Raúl Castro, during the official celebration of the Tenth Anniversary of the Comprehensive Cuba-Venezuela agreement, which was
yada yada continues here

Friday, October 15, 2010

The Financial Times' readership is smarter on Venezuela than its reporters

It comes to something when readers of one of the most outright capitalist mediums in the world give lessons on reality to its reporters on Venezuela. Today we've been treated to yet another "Oh Noes! We're all gonna die....soon.....probably" note on Venezuelan economics, penned by Benedict Mander of the FT. It's the samo samo as we've seen since lawd know when and filled with the clichés we're all used to:
  • Negative headline with use of question mark? Check
  • Hugo Chávez named in the first line to help with those search engine optimizations? Check
  • PDVSA's massive debt? Check
  • The "dollar crunch" that tends to affect the rich middle class more than the majority of Venezuelans? Check
  • Use of the phrase "dubious statistics"? Check.

So run along and read it, too, as a better template for YouTooCanBeAnExpertOnVenezuelanEconomy! will be hard to find. However, after reading through the thing your author was pleased to see that the only two commenters on Mander's note (so far Friday morning EST) have taken him to task on this trite piece of hackery. Here they are for your reading pleasure.
RossWild | October 14 11:29pm | If you don´t know 'how bad' why you titled the opinion "Just how bad is Venezuela’s dollar crunch"?? Are you expecting others respond to you?. I believe you write this article only for dark-politics purpose. Is your style anyway, i.e. is the way you obtain money
x

rodrigo.blanco6 | October 15 6:47am | You guys must be running out of things to write about. I've seen this same editorial written with different incidentals over the past 12 years of Venezuelan history.

Indeed. We're tired of the samo samo BS about Venezuela's economy, reporting herd. Really, the good story to write here is just how Venezuela has kept it's heterodox economic model intact for over a dozen years, with the post-PDVSA strike period particularly interesting. The story I'd like to read would be penned by some normally boring hack who's covered Venezuela for multiple years and begins, "For all this time my predictions on Venezuela's collapse have been wrong. Let's examine why that has been the case.." but there's about as much chance of that as there is of reading something resembling the truth about LatAm in The Economist.

Monday, September 27, 2010

Parsing the Venezuelan National Assembly election results; JFS does a great job

Hemispheric Brief is the place to go to get a very good analysis of results (so far) from the hand of Joshua Frens-String. He notes the spin put on the results from all sides, cuts through the crud and comes to some decent conclusions after balancing all sides' views. Highly recommended reading, go here to read it yourself.

Thursday, September 16, 2010

News roundup (we don't flinch when small children stick their fingers up our nostrils)

 Miguel Angel: Enjoy your stay, send us a postcard
c

Chávez unilaterally changes his mind about his role as president and announces he's staying in charge until 2014*

Uruguay 2q10 GDP growth 10.4%, while inflation is targetted at less than 7%. Both those numbers are high.

Venezuela has 251 billion barrels of oil as official reserves, placing the country second in reserve count behind Saudi Arabia. This has nothing to do with any sort of political friction between Venezuela and the countries that it supplies, of course.

Peru's Lourdes Flores, joint leader with Susana Villaran in the tight race for Mayor of Lima in the October 3rd election, says she "doesn't care less" about the job, but that subdued link above in English doesn't mention that she also said they could "stick the Mayor's job up their ass(es), what do I care about being Mayor" or that her election advisor tried to change the results of an opinion poll by talking with the head of the polling company. The conversations were recorded on an illegal wiretrap and Peru cares more about the illegal means of the recording than what Flores said. Strange country.

Colombia: Miguel Angel Rangel Sosa, ex congressman for the Bolivar region of Colombia (Uribe era, surprise surprise) was today sentenced to seven years in jail for collaborating with and promoting the illegal ultra right wing paramilitary groups in his region, responsible for mass killings, extorsion and other forms of very nastiness including calling on the paras to kill a witness who was accusing him of said corruption. This one is unlikely to feature in your evening news show tonight.


*who did you think I was talking about?

Tuesday, September 7, 2010

Venezuelan elections and Hemispheric Brief

Good news! Joshua Frens-String is back from his summer break and the return post at his blog, Hemispheric Brief, provides a great roundup of news and views on the Venezuelan legislative elections which happen September 26th. I'd excerpt a bit of JFS's prose here but it's tough to take any part out of the full context without losing the benefits of reading the whole piece. So go read the whole piece linked right here as it's today's required reading on LatAm.

And now it's back, put Hemispheric Brief on your RSS, your bookmarks or your whatever. A great and concise way of getting an EngLang, no-spin, no-BS view of what's happening in this neck of the woods.

Monday, August 16, 2010

In which IKN explains some very basic economics to the West coast Canadian newspaper, The Vancouver Sun (this week's coveted award)

IKN apologizes for using the very same chart twice in one day, but needs must. Here's the chart used in this post early this morning which lays out the trade balance between Colombia and Venezuela.

The reason for the reiteration is this article published today in The Vancouver Sun. The note, written by one Johnathan Manthorpe, doesn't really say much one way or the other. It's a flimsy and non-insightful report that talks in very general terms about Colombia, its recent change at the top and last week's meet between newboy Santos and some dude named Hugo Chávez who you might have heard of before.

Manthorpe's text here isn't great, but it's the dumbass title stuck on the note that gets the Coveted Award. Just to make sure the wider readership is aware, it's not normal to see the journalist write the title of any given article. That honour is usually left to a sub-editor that handles the report and it's here where the Coveted Award gets won. The title given to Manthorpe's report is:

"Colombia's economic prospects attract even its enemies"

So now, dumbass squared sub-ed, I'm addressing you. I'm also going to do this in a very simple style so that even your underemployed neurons might catch on. Are you ready?

1) Look at that chart above.

2) You see the title? It says "Colombian Trade Surplus with Venezuela".

3) That means that every year, Colombia has a trade surplus with Venezuela.

4) That means that Colombia sells more to Venezuela every year than the other way around.

5) For example, in 2008 Colombia sold U$5,000m (thereabouts) more to Venezuela than Venezuela sold to Colombia

6) Are you with me so far, dumbass?

7) That means that Colombia has more to lose than Venezuela if trade is stopped between the two countries.

8) Which is exactly what's been happening this year. The trade surplus has dropped hard, with the first six months of 2010 only showing around $700m in favour of Colombia. A big annualized drop.

9) That's because Chávez got pissed with Uribe and blocked a lot of trade.

10) Still with me, dumbass?

11) So when Chávez went to meet Santos last week, take a wild, flying guess as to who was far more interested in getting trade moving between the two countries?

Look, we all know that you guys up there hate Chávez and think that colour TVs must be hard to come by in the Socialist hellhole known as Venezuela, but, dumbass sub-ed, your moronic title is wrong by a factor of very very lots. If anything it should read "Venezuela's economic prospects attract even its enemies" because Chávezlandia is one hell of a big market for Colombian goods and services. And rightly or wrongly, on a macroeconomic level Chávez's trade embargoes on Colombian products this year have hurt Colombia far more than they have his home country.

So, anonymous sub-ed of The Vancouver Sun, you win this week's coveted award. You have the audacity to handle articles in the paper's biz section without having the most basic of clues about the subject? Well here's what you get as a reward. Enjoy.